This discussion paper is the result of work led by the Safeguards and Quality Assurance Expert Group as part of the NDIS implementation groups. It draws together current thinking around capital building for all citizens and empowering safeguarding in the context of the emerging NDIS. The paper offers an outline of a Safeguarding Framework that enables citizens to be safe, well and included. The Framework is person centred and starts from the premise of building citizens capital through developmental investments. The approach is fundamentally steeped in the notion of citizens having an active role in safeguarding themselves.